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英语科普文章选——2004年十大科学发现

不久前，著名的《科学》杂志评选出2004年最重要的十大科学发现。这些发现中既有人类对神秘宇宙太空的探索，也有对身边熟悉事物的新发现。无论是何种的科学探索和发现，人类求知的愿望和动力永远都在推动社会的发展和进步。

Water and robots on Mars chosen as tops in 2004 by 'Science'

WASHINGTON — The conclusive discovery by a pair of wheeled robots that Mars once had vast pools of water and possibly could have harbored life was chosen by the editors of the journal Science as the most important scientific achievement of 2004.

Scientists announced in March that the Mars once played host to salty seas. This Mars Express image indicates water erosion.

NASA's two Mars rovers（漫游者）Opportunity and Spirit, landed on the Red Planet early in 2004 and have since found clear and conclusive evidence that Mars was drenched with（浸透） water at some time in its history.

The editors of Science, one of the world's leading publishers of peer-reviewed, original research, judged the robotic accomplishment as the top scientific "Breakthrough of the Year."

"Inanimate, wheeled, one-armed boxes roaming another planet have done something no human has ever managed," Science reported in this week's edition. "They have discovered another place in the universe where life could once have existed."

Nine other scientific achievements, including discovery of another species of human, were selected as runners-up, but Science editor-in-chief Donald Kennedy said "there wasn't much doubt about this year's winner."

Opportunity and Spirit found unmistakable proof of Martian water: rippled sediments（沉积物） that were once at the bottom of a shallow sea, and rock that once was so water-soaked that "it had rotted," the journal said.

"Their finds mark a milestone in humankind's search for life elsewhere in the universe," Science said.

Kennedy said one of the most important messages from the remote exploration is "the extraordinary efficiency of these robot missions."

He said it is clear that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration must not abandon its robotic exploration while gearing up for President Bush's program to send humans to the moon and later to Mars.

"To do one at the expense of the other would be a mistake," Kennedy said. "It remains to be demonstrated what a human exploration could do that we can't do now or couldn't do in the next 10 years with robotic technology."

The first runner-up for breakthrough of the year was the discovery on the Indonesian island of Flores of fossils from a species of tiny humans who stood about 3 feet tall and had a brain less than a third the size of modern humans. Yet, the diminutive（小的） hominid（原始人） lived about 18,000 years ago. This suggests that Homo floresiensis shared the Earth with Homo sapiens（人类）, or modern people. Science said some described the find as "the biggest discovery in half a century of anthropological research."

Third on Science's list of 2004 breakthroughs was the cloning of human embryos by South Korean researcher Woo San Hwang and his colleagues. The work was not an attempt to genetically duplicate a human. Instead, the researchers hoped to make embryonic stem cells for research purposes. Although many other mammals have been cloned, the work was the first to demonstrate that cloning techniques would work with human cells.

Following are the rest of Science's 2004 selections.

4. U.S. and Austrian scientists created a new form of condensate（冷凝物）, an ultracold gas that slips into a quantum state where a group of atoms act as a single superatom. The achievement was notable because it used fermions（费米子）, a class of atoms with a nuclear structure that makes it difficult to create a condensate.

5. Scientists discovered that "junk DNA," the base pairs between known genes in the human genetic structure, play an important role. Several research teams have found that DNA between genes helps determine how vigorously and often the genes are activated and shapes the coding for protein production.

6. Astronomers discovered a pair of neutron stars（中子星） locked in orbit of each other and spewing out beams of radiation. Both objects are pulsars（脉冲星）, rapidly flickering on and off with pulses of energy. One object is pulsing at the rate of 44 times a second. By studying the radiation, astronomers hope for the first time to learn about the density of matter within a neutron star.

7. Naturalists tracking the fate of wild species worldwide reported bad news. A survey of amphibians（两栖动物） found that of 5,700 known species, about 30% were at risk of extinction. A survey in the United Kingdom found that butterflies, songbirds and native plant species are all losing ground in the battle for species survival.

8. It is one of the most common and universally known substances, but researchers are still learning more about water. Several teams of researchers made new discoveries about how water molecules（分子） bind together and how electrons（电子） and protons（质子） dissolve in water. Some of the findings are questioned and Science noted: "Water still gives researchers much to scratch their heads about."

9. A new form of research and aid is creating "a revolution in public health," said Science. The partnership of public and private organizations worldwide is changing the way drugs are developed, tested and distributed to the poorest nations on Earth, the journal said. Researchers tallied at least 92 public-private partnerships worldwide attacking such diseases as malaria, tuberculosis and HIV.

10. Researchers have developed techniques to identify genes in ocean water or in specimens recovered from deep underground. Thousands of new genes have been found. By sequencing these genes, researchers hope to identify news species and, perhaps, learn how organisms survive in harsh and forbidding locations on Earth.

帮忙翻译成英语,急!!!

Freud compares the mind to an iceberg.

弗洛伊德把大脑比作冰山。

Our conscious mind is like the tip of the iceberg, the tiny part that peeks through the water and is clearly visible.

我们的意识像冰山的一角，微微露出水面的一小部分能够被清楚地看见。

But its main body is hidden deep underneath the surface, rife with "forgotten" memories and untapped（未利用的） creative momentum, yet out of our reach when we are wide awake.

但它的主体深深地藏在表面之下，充满着“被遗忘的”记忆和未被发掘的创造力，但当我们完全清醒时，却无法触及。

We may come in brief contact with this mysterious realm when we dream during sleep. But most of the time, the contents of our dreams dissolve into a blur（模糊的记忆） the moment we wake up.

当我们在睡梦中做梦时，我们可能会短暂地接触到这个神秘的领域。但大多数时候，在我们醒来的那一刻，梦的内容就融为模糊的一片。

Still, whatever is left of them often strikes us as whimsical（异想天开的） and even profoundly（深刻的） fantastical.

尽管如此，它们留下的部分常常让我们觉得是异想天开的，甚至是深刻的幻想。

That might partially explain why many artists and writers prefer to work in the early morning when they are still experiencing grogginess from the slumber of the previous night.

这可能部分解释了为什么很多艺术家和作家喜欢在清晨工作，因为他们还在经历前一天晚上的昏睡。

Floating in a limbo state between the isles sprinkled with colorful dreams and the land of the living, they are exceedingly likely to hit upon a hidden treasure trove（藏品） full of unexpected inspirations.

以一种不定的状态浮动在色彩斑斓的梦幻小岛和现实大地之间，他们很有可能发现满是意外灵感的隐藏宝藏。

The great psychologist also argues that delving（探索） into the unconscious mind also cures mental illnesses.

这位伟大的心理学家还认为，深度研究潜意识可以治疗精神疾病。

Some of the patients he received had undergone something traumatic（痛苦的） and horrendous in their past.

他收治的一些病人在过去经历过创伤和可怕的事情。

Over time, they repressed those memories and swept them under the rug（毯子） so that they wouldn't have to recall those painful experiences in their everyday lives. Sometimes they did so without themselves knowing it.

随着时间的流逝，他们会压抑那些记忆，将它们掩盖起来，这样他们在日常生活中就不会回忆起这些令人伤痛的经历了。有时他们会不自觉地这样做。

He would then treat them by helping them to bring those memories out into the consciousness. Only when they came to terms with the causal events of their depressions would they start to heal.

然后，他会通过帮助他们将那些记忆带到意识中来治疗他们。只有当他们接受了导致他们抑郁的事件，他们才能开始痊愈。

The theory goes that when our unconscious mind is piled with unprocessed（未经处理的） emotions from the past, they are going to ripple through and?wreak havoc（造成严重破坏）?at some point.

这个理论认为，当我们的潜意识中充斥着过去未经处理的情感时，在某一个时刻，它们会产生影响并造成严重破坏。

Perhaps one of the takeaways（要点） from this theory is that you shouldn't bottle up and leave your unexamined, negative feelings unresolved too often, because mental health concerns more than what we consciously know about the goings-on in our mind.

也许这个理论的一个结论是，你不应该经常把自己的消极情绪隐藏起来，把它们抛诸脑后，因为心理健康不仅仅关系到我们意识到的大脑中所发生的事情。

In the technical activity, reads each kind of material, understood the interesting natural sciences knowledge is a very important content. Schoolmates science and technology consciousness fostering, imagination development, technical quality enhancement need massive popular science material. Only has the rich popular science knowledge, can trigger the innovation the inspiration. In the student brains grasps the knowledge have been many, through blends together, in, thus the inspiration wisdom, launches the imagination, bursts out the creation spark. We might as well look at Japanese a student creativity competition topic: Some topic is such, "洗衣夹 has any new use □□to think you all writes." They attempt through this kind of competition topic to inspire the children creativity. Also some topic, "has a friend to say that, ' The person and the cockroach are the partner '. How said is ' the partner '? The truth what in, asks you to reply as far as possible." This topic is different with the general test, does not have the unique answer, needs the independent thinking, has the originality. We in design competition topic time also may profit from this kind of form, uses this kind of topic. Also may carry on raises the question competition, encourages the student to disperse the thought, bold question. Because proposed question itself is containing the creation thought spark. Then instructs the knowledge which the student applies obtains creatively to solve the problem, encourages to propose something new and different, attempts "is fabricated".

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